WHY DO FARMERS FORWARD CONTRACT IN FACTOR MARKETS?

This study investigated farmers' incentives to forward purchase inputs. A model of farmer decision making was used to derive an optimal forward contracting rule. Explicit in the model was the tradeoff between the quantity of input to be purchased in advance, and the remaining portion to be purchased later on the spot market. Results indicated that the primary reasons farmers contract inputs are to reduce risk and to speculate on favorable price moves. A numerical example of fertilizer used in corn production indicated that the size of the price discount was the dominant factor in forward contracting decisions.Farm Management,

A Study of the 50 Brookings High School Vocational Agriculture Students Who Were Awarded the State Farmer Degree During the 20 Year Period from 1930 to 1949 Inclusive

The writer in this problem is attempting to make a follow-up study of the State Farmers who have graduated form Brookings High School from 1930, the year that the first State Farmer Leagues were awarded, to and including to year of 1949

Instrumentality of Aggression and Strength and Arbitrariness of Frustration Related to Direct Physical Aggression

Study of the factors influencing the occurrence of aggression received impetus from the frustration-aggression hypothesis of 1939. It was hypothesized that aggression was the primary consequence of frustration, and that the stronger the frustration, the stronger the aggression. Numerous studies have shown that frustration can lead to aggression v/ith organisms ranging along the phylogenetic scale from rats to humans. While questionnaire studies have shown that the strength of aggression varies v/ith the strength of frustration, this has not been verified in laboratory studies of direct physical aggression. Recently, the importance of situational variables, such as the perceived arbitrariness of the frustration, have been stressed. The influence of this variable also has not been verified in laboratory study of direct physical aggression. V/hat happens after an aggressive act, influences the probability of future aggression. The instrumentality of aggression refers to the effectiveness of aggression in overcoming an obstacle to a goal. Instrumentality has been studied in the laboratory but not in the most effective manner. Instrumentality of aggression and the strength and arbitrariness of frustration, in relation to direct physical aggression, were investigated by employing the aggression machine (Buss, 1961) in an ostensible learning task. The subjects, 120 male Introductory Psychology students, were required to teach a confederate a concept. Frustration consisted in the confederate\u27s inability to learn the concept. The measure of aggression was the mean intensity of shock ostensibly administered to the confederate for incorrect responses. Different strengths of frustration were established by blocking at a point near the completion of the learning task and at another point more distant. There was a control group which was to experience no frustration. Instrumentality was established by reinforcement of high intensity shocks in the warmup task for those subjects in the instrumental condition but not for those in the noninstrumental condition. Arbitrariness was established through the instructions, which attempted to have the frustration viewed as arbitrary or nonarbitrary. It was hypothesized that: the strength of aggression would increase with the strength of frustration; more aggression would occur under the arbitrary than under the nonarbitrary condition; more aggression would occur when aggression was instrumental than when it was noninstrumental; and the most aggression would occur when aggression was instrumental and frustration was strong and arbitrary. The results of this study show that it was possible to establish different strengths of frustration on the basis of blocking near to or far from a goal. The stronger frustration produced more aggression than the v/eaker frustration but only when aggression was experienced as instrumental in overcoming frustration. Additional support for the frustration-aggression hypothesis was provided by ,the increase in aggression as the number of frustrations increased. No more aggression occurred in the condition where frustration was intended to be viewed as arbitrary than in the condition where frustration was intended to be viewed as nonarbitrary. This was not interpreted as indicating that situational aggression eliciting stimuli, the arbitrariness of frustration in particular, are not important determinants of aggression. Rather, the wording of the instructions was viewed as a possible cause for the ineffectiveness of this variable. The control group proved to be ineffective in this study. It was hypothesized that rather than being a control group, that this group, because of the schedule of the victim\u27s responses, really was an additional frustration group. The results of the experiment were seen as providing some support for this hypothesis

Bounded gaps between primes in number fields and function fields

The Hardy--Littlewood prime $k$-tuples conjecture has long been thought to be completely unapproachable with current methods. While this sadly remains true, startling breakthroughs of Zhang, Maynard, and Tao have nevertheless made significant progress toward this problem. In this work, we extend the Maynard-Tao method to both number fields and the function field $\mathbb{F}_q(t)$

An investigation of networking techniques for the ASRM facility

This report is based on the early design concepts for a communications network for the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) facility being built at Yellow Creek near Iuka, MS. The investigators have participated in the early design concepts and in the evaluation of the initial concepts. The continuing system design effort and any modification of the plan will require a careful evaluation of the required bandwidth of the network, the capabilities of the protocol, and the requirements of the controllers and computers on the network. The overall network, which is heterogeneous in protocol and bandwidth, is being modeled, analyzed, simulated, and tested to obtain some degree of confidence in its performance capabilities and in its performance under nominal and heavy loads. The results of the proposed work should have an impact on the design and operation of the ASRM facility

Current Tests for Tubal Patency: Their Study and Comparison

Two hundred patients have been reviewed in whom culdoscopy or laparoscopy was performed for infertility study. During these two procedures, methylene blue was injected through an endocervical cannula for detection of tubal patency under direct visualization. When compared with 89 patients tested by utero-tubal insufflation and hystero-salpingography, results indicated that direct visualization of the tubes and dye hydrotubation appears to be the most reliable method. HSG proved to be the second most reliable method with a failure rate of 19.2%. The least accurate procedure in this study was UTI with CO2 gas, where the failure rate was 24.7%. The latter lest, however, is the most efficient one for detecting tubal spasm

Conceptual design for the Space Station Freedom fluid physics/dynamics facility

A study team at NASA's Lewis Research Center has been working on a definition study and conceptual design for a fluid physics and dynamics science facility that will be located in the Space Station Freedom's baseline U.S. Laboratory module. This modular, user-friendly facility, called the Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility, will be available for use by industry, academic, and government research communities in the late 1990's. The Facility will support research experiments dealing with the study of fluid physics and dynamics phenomena. Because of the lack of gravity-induced convection, research into the mechanisms of fluids in the absence of gravity will help to provide a better understanding of the fundamentals of fluid processes. This document has been prepared as a final version of the handout for reviewers at the Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility Assessment Workshop held at Lewis on January 24 and 25, 1990. It covers the background, current status, and future activities of the Lewis Project Study Team effort. It is a revised and updated version of a document entitled 'Status Report on the Conceptual Design for the Space Station Fluid Physics/Dynamics Facility', dated January 1990